2.1. Plant materials
A total of 112 accessions were planted in yam germplasm resource garden of Jiangxi Agricultural University (Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, Supplementary Table 1). Landrace varieties were collected from farmers’ fields, institutions, and markets in China, and wild resources were acquired from mountainous regions. Experimental planting was arranged in ridges on April 10, 2019, with 20 cm distance for each individual plant and 1.2 m distance between ridges. Tuber segments (80–120 g) were used as seeds. Individual plants were supported by bamboo stakes. Standard weeding and agronomic measures were applied regularly to provide adequate plant growth conditions.