EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURES
Studies based on serum pneumoproteins show that not only acute but also
chronic exposure to NCl3 can increase the lung
epithelium permeability and thereby perhaps facilitate the
transepithelial delivery of allergens to dendritic
cells30 and contribute to a T2-dependent immune
response31,32. Recent experimental evidence in mice
has shown that chronic chlorine inhalation contributes to exacerbate
airways inflammation in asthma by mobilizing pro-inflammatory
macrophages into the lung as well as stimulating group 2 and 3
ILCs33.
The barrier disruption effect may occur also on the dermal layer. The
high temperature of the water, the hydration of the skin and the
disrupting effects of CBPs on the skin barrier are all factors that in
combination decrease the water-holding capacity of the skin stratum
corneum34 and greatly facilitate the permeation of
CBPs across the skin, especially thin areas such as the scrotum.